Among many Muslims, the nazar serves as a popular amulet believed to ward off the dangers of the evil eye. Also known as al-ayn or al-nazar in Arabic, the evil eye refers to the concept that envious glares or thoughts can inflict harm, unintentionally or not. While the efficacy of such charms is debated in Islam, belief in the destructive power of envy is widespread. This article will provide an extensive look at the meaning of the nazar, its history, and relevance for Muslims seeking security against life‘s misfortunes.
Understanding the Evil Eye in Islamic Scripture and Tradition
References to the evil eye appear in both the Quran and hadith (sayings and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad). Surah Al-Falaq, verse 5 of the Quran, reads "And from the evil of the envier when they envy." This passage alludes to the potential harm caused by envious gazes.
Scholars of Islam like Ibn Abbas have interpreted this and other verses to refer specifically to the notion of the evil eye, spelled out clearly in hadith accounts. One hadith in Sahih Al-Bukhari (5225) relates that the Prophet Muhammad warned, "The influence of an evil eye is a fact…" Another account in Jami at-Tirmidhi (2059) has the Prophet advising to "Seek refuge with Allah from the evil eye."
From these sources, it is evident the evil eye is acknowledged as a reality within Islamic theology, though its precise nature and degree of impact remain debated. Many scholars contend only Allah determines a person‘s fate and misfortunes, while others allow for the possibility of jealousy to affect one‘s life in adverse ways. Nonetheless, the wide scope of references to the evil eye textual sources lends credence to the popular belief.
History and Significance of the Nazar Symbol
The exact origins of using the nazar to defend against the evil eye are difficult to conclusively establish, though it predates Islam by thousands of years. Some art historians propose the eye iconography first appeared in Egyptian and Mesopotamian art and jewelry as early as 3000 B.C.E. The Phoenicians are also known to have employed the eye symbol with apotropaic qualities.
Early texts in Arabic dating back to the pre-Islamic era contain direct mentions of charms and rituals for warding off the malevolent sight. A collection of oracular material called the Hawara of Ibn Wahshiyya references the al-ayn and describes practices still associated with the nazar today, like hanging textiles and amulets near doorways for protection.
Thus, adoption of the nazar eye as a protective symbol seems to arise from a longstanding belief in its power dating back millennia before Islam. It continues to hold relevance for modern Muslims drawn to its spiritual connotations as an emblem of divine sight and blessing. Just as Allah watches over humankind, it is thought the nazar returns negative visions back to their source.
Local Variations in Meaning and Design
While blue eye beads are universally recognizable as nazar amulets, their form varies geographically. In Turkey, the nazar takes the shape of dark blue glass beads with lighter blue circles, referred to as Nazar Boncugu. Throughout North Africa, styles using shades of blue, black, and white are preferred. In parts of Palestine and Jordan, red and orange eyes have become more common.
The materials used range from glass, ceramic, and plastic to wood, metal, and stone. More elaborate versions incorporate additional decorative symbols, Arabic script, or faceting around the classic circular motif. These local variations speak to how the nazar has taken on distinct regional identities tied to local aesthetics. Yet regardless of size, material, or design, the underlying purpose remains guarding against the eye.
Calligraphy and Symbolism in Nazar Ornamentation
Some nazars feature ornate flourishes including Arabic calligraphy with religious phrases or the 99 Names of Allah. Examples include inscriptions like Ma Sha Allah ("As God has willed"), Allah ("God"), and Al-Noor ("The Light"). Sources indicate the Prophet Muhammad recommended writing Allah‘s names on amulets as an added blessing.
The multiple circles typically seen on nazars mirror the belief in the 99 Names describing God‘s attributes. blue is associated with heaven, spirituality, and divine protection in Islam. Thus, the iconography combines powerful words and celestial colors centered around the warding eye shape.
In crafting nazars, artists also incorporate symbolic numerology related to Islamic holy texts. For instance, there may be 33 beads on a nazar rosary, representing the 33 chapters of the Quran. Others feature 40 circles for the 40 companions of the Prophet Muhammad. This imbues the amulet with deeper meaning.
Comparison to Other Religious Charms and Symbols
Just as the nazar safeguards against the evil eye in Islam, other faiths have similar objects deemed to attract good fortune and repel negativity. In Judaism, the hamsa hand and mezuzah on doorposts protect against evil spirits and misfortune. Italian folk culture has the cornicello charm inspired by a horn-shaped amulet used in ancient Egypt.
Christian tradition encompasses practices like crossing fingers or touching wood to avoid jinxing good luck. Crosses, rosaries, and crucifixes carry spiritual power in Christianity as well. Biblical verses in Psalm 90:10 mention the importance of faith in combating "the pestilence that stalks in darkness."
Across religions, popular protective amulets serve as tools to feel empowered against unseen forces of bad luck or danger. The nazar exemplifies a shared tendency to visually symbolize positive beliefs through concrete objects, rituals, and sacred imagery.
Is the Nazar Permitted in Islam? Debate and Discussion
Given teachings on tawheed (the oneness of God) and reliance purely on Allah, some Islamic scholars denounce the nazar as a form of shirk (idolatry or polytheism). Critics argue only faith provides genuine safety, not placing hopes in an inanimate charm. However, many also acknowledge the permissibility of simple precautions against harm.
Proponents point to examples like the Prophet allowing a rope tied in the mosque for psychological security, even if unnecessary, and his tacit approval of modest decorative jewelry. They contend the nazar serves as a traditional custom that does not contradict core beliefs when used with understanding. Just as people take reasonable steps to ensure worldly health and security alongside faith in Allah, the nazar offers comfort amid uncertainties of life.
Both perspectives provide insight around reconciling theological principles with long-held social practices. As evidenced by its continued popularity in Islamic societies, the nazar offers a culturally resonant outlet for invoking blessings and protection rooted in history.
Nazars in Islamic Art, Architecture, and Jewelry
Beyond small decoration, nazar motifs appear prominently in Islamic visual culture, gracing everything from textiles to mosques. Bright blue tiles with circular patterns adorn mosques, mausoleums, and shrines in Multan, Pakistan featuring enlarged nazar designs. Iranian rugs and pilgrimage banners incorporate the symbol as well.
Contemporary artists play with nazar imagery in varied mediums. Photographer Abdul Abdullah produced a striking self-portrait with a glowing eyes and floating beads referencing the evil eye. Nazar graphics and calligraphy are a popular form of street art. Treasury of Mysteries, a show at the Victoria and Albert Museum, displayed ancient and modern jewelry pieces centered around the nazar and hamsa.
At a large scale, nazars visibly demonstrate how deeply the symbol pervades Islamic architecture and crafts. In jewelry or textile arts, they allow artisans to demonstrate refinement in mimicking spiritual symbols. The creative diversity of nazar motifs signals its cultural resonance.
How to Select an Authentic Nazar
When purchasing a nazar, check for the following markers of quality and authenticity:
- Glass or ceramic construction – plastic and metal lack the same craftsmanship
- Blue color incorporation – typically dark blue with lighter accents
- Eye and circle patterning – circles should overlap around the inner eye
- Dotted pupils – a central dot focuses the eye
- Arabic calligraphy – stamped or handpainted letters
- Silver or golden accents – seen on higher end nazars
- Smooth faceting on beads – clean decorative cuts
Shopping at local street markets, antique stores, or specialty Islamic goods vendors can ensure sourcing mindfully from artisans immersed in the meaning of this cultural symbol. An authentic nazar makes a meaningful gift.
Public Figures Promoting the Nazar
Several celebrities have embraced the nazar, propelling it further into mainstream culture. Tunisian-French rapper DJ Snake prominently featured a nazar necklace on his album cover art. Pop singer Selena Gomez released new merchandise with nazar jewelry. Even companies like BMW, Microsoft, and Lalique have incorporated it into logo designs.
In one notable instance, Duchess of Sussex Meghan Markle wore a delicate gold nazar necklace while on a royal tour in 2019. This demonstrated the symbol‘s widening appeal. Prominent display of the nazar by public figures has inspired wider adoption.
Concluding Thoughts on the Place of the Nazar in Islam
While the nazar may seem like a mystical trinket to some, it holds deeper meaning for many Muslims. Reciting Quranic verses and professing faith in Allah‘s authority remain primary ways of managing misfortune. Yet the nazar offers supplementary comfort through its familiarity and rich cultural history.
Rather than undermining God‘s supremacy, it can represent submitting to divine wisdom and repenting from destructive sins like jealousy. Approaching with proper knowledge, the nazar provides a tangible instrument for processing challenges wrought by the evil inclinations of others and oneself. More than just jewelry, it symbolizes trust, optimism, and connection to tradition.
