Nootropics, sometimes called "smart drugs", have risen in popularity as supplements touted to enhance cognitive function. But what exactly are nootropics, and do they live up to the hype? This article will provide an overview of these substances, analysis of the current research, their potential benefits and side effects, and advice for consumers.
What are Nootropics?
The term "nootropic" was first coined in 1972 by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea to mean a substance that enhances learning and memory. The most popular nootropics today include:
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Caffeine – Found naturally in coffee and tea, it‘s a mild stimulant.
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L-theanine – An amino acid found in green tea, it may work synergistically with caffeine.
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Bacopa monnieri – An herb used in Ayurvedic medicine, it may improve memory.
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Ginkgo biloba – Another popular herbal supplement, it may benefit circulation.
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Omega-3 fatty acids – Important structural components of the brain, found in fish oil.
And many more studied for potential nootropic abilities, though with mixed evidence thus far.
Assessing the Science Behind Nootropics
There is excitement around substances that could enhance our mental capacities. Early research has shown potential benefits, ranging from increased focus and memory to reduced anxiety.
However, according to a 2016 international consensus statement on nootropics and cognitive enhancers published in the journal SpringerPlus, many candidates like ginkgo biloba, omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins and other supplements show inconsistent results thus far that do not clearly support cognitive benefits.
More research is still needed to better understand nootropic mechanisms, efficacy, long-term safety, side effects, and optimal dosing. Consumers should be aware of the limitations of current science before trying nootropics hoping for dramatic effects.
Benefits and Side Effects
Some of the research has shown more consistent positive effects for substances like caffeine and L-theanine. Potential benefits may include:
- Improved focus, alertness, concentration and attention
- Enhanced learning and memory
- Increased ability to think clearly and solve problems
- Potential neuroprotective effects
However, some risks and side effects to consider:
- Difficulty sleeping if taken late in the day
- Addiction and withdrawal symptoms
- Headaches or jitteriness from stimulants
- Upset stomach or nausea
Dietary supplements in the US are also less regulated than medications, so quality and safety concerns exist around contamination or false labeling.
Tips for Responsible Usage
If choosing to try nootropics, here are some tips:
- Research the specific substance extensively and talk to your doctor
- Purchase from reputable suppliers with independent purity testing
- Carefully follow dosing recommendations
- Track benefits and side effects
- Avoid daily long-term use without medical supervision
- Use mindfulness around expectations – results will vary
And remember, a healthy lifestyle with good sleep, nutrition, stress management and exercise is the foundation. Supplements should only complement broader efforts for wellbeing.
The Bottom Line
Early research shows some potential mental benefits from substances categorized as nootropics. However, the science is young. Quality, safety and regulatory concerns exist. Responsible consumers should learn extensively to make informed decisions around if trying nootropics, which to use, proper dosing and managing expectations.
