Bernese Mountain Dogs: A Guide to Potential Health Issues & Preventive Care
Introduction
As a veterinarian and lifelong dog lover, I‘ve always been drawn to the gentle giants of the canine world. And few have captured my heart quite like the Bernese Mountain Dog. With their striking tri-colored coat, soulful eyes, and sweet temperament, Berners seem to be the total package. But as with many large breeds, that impressive stature comes with an increased risk for certain health issues.
While Bernese Mountain Dogs are generally hearty and robust, responsible ownership means educating yourself on the potential challenges this breed may face. By understanding common Berner health problems, you can take proactive steps to minimize risk, catch issues early, and give your furry friend the best chance at a long, happy, healthy life. Let‘s dive into the most prevalent concerns and what you can do about them.
Orthopedic Issues
Hip and elbow dysplasia are among the most frequently seen orthopedic problems in Bernese Mountain Dogs. These congenital joint malformations cause poor fit between the ball and socket of the hip or abnormal growth of the elbow bones. Over time, dysplasia leads to painful arthritis, lameness, and difficulty moving.
Symptoms usually appear between 4-12 months old, though some dogs may not show signs until middle age. Watching for bunny hopping gait, reluctance to run or climb stairs, and stiffness after lying down can help you spot trouble. Radiographs are used to diagnose dysplasia, and treatment ranges from weight management and anti-inflammatories to surgical correction in severe cases.
The best defense against hip and elbow dysplasia is smart breeding. Responsible Berner breeders have potential parents evaluated through the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals to ensure healthy joints before passing on genes. As a prospective owner, ask for proof of hip and elbow scores on both dog parents.
Ocular Ailments
Several inherited eye diseases can dim a Bernese Mountain Dog‘s bright gaze. Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a degenerative condition causing gradual blindness as retinal cells die off. It‘s a late onset disease, with symptoms usually not appearing until 3-5 years or later. Night vision loss is often the first sign, eventually progressing to total sightlessness.
While there is no cure for PRA, affected dogs can still live a full life with a little extra support. Keeping furniture placement consistent, using scent markers, and ensuring safe outdoor space allows blind dogs to navigate their world. Advances in gene therapy also show promise for preserving sight in PRA-prone breeds.
Other eye issues Berners may encounter include cherry eye, entropion or ectropion (abnormal eyelid positioning), and cataracts. Prompt treatment by a veterinary ophthalmologist is key to preventing discomfort and vision loss. Annual eye exams are a must for this breed.
Cancer Concerns
Bernese Mountain Dogs have one of the highest cancer rates, with nearly 50% of dogs succumbing to some form of the disease. While any cancer is cause for concern, two varieties are most prevalent in the breed. Malignant histiocytosis attacks the blood cells tasked with destroying foreign invaders, spreading rapidly to the lymph nodes, spleen, liver and lungs. Even with aggressive chemotherapy, prognosis is poor, and most dogs succumb within 2-4 months.
Lymphoma and lymphosarcoma are cancers of the lymphatic system. Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, lethargy, weight loss, and breathing difficulty. With chemotherapy, approximately 80-90% of dogs experience remission, though median survival is still less than a year. Early detection is critical, so contact your vet immediately if you notice any lumps or behavioral changes.
While we don‘t fully understand why cancer risk is so high for Berners, feeding an anti-inflammatory diet, avoiding environmental toxins, and providing ample exercise are believed to have a protective effect. New immunotherapy treatments are also extending lifespans for dogs diagnosed with cancer.
Blood and Immune Dysfunction
Von Willebrand‘s disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in dogs. It‘s caused by a deficiency in the blood cells responsible for platelet clumping, leading to excessive bleeding from even minor wounds. Nosebleeds, bloody urine, and bleeding gums are common signs.
There is no cure for Von Willebrand‘s, but it can be managed through cauterization, sutures, and avoidance of certain medications like NSAIDs that interfere with clotting. Dogs may require transfusions before any surgeries. A DNA test is available to screen for the disease in breeding stock.
Hypothyroidism is another concern for Bernese Mountain Dogs. This immune-mediated condition causes the thyroid gland to underproduce crucial hormones for metabolism. Symptoms include unexplained weight gain, hair loss, skin infections, and exercise intolerance. Low thyroid levels are easily diagnosed with a blood test, and daily synthetic hormone supplementation effectively reverses the condition.
Gastrointestinal Distress
Deep-chested breeds like Berners are at high risk for gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) or bloat. This life-threatening condition occurs when the stomach fills with air and twists upon itself, cutting off blood supply. Bloat strikes suddenly, and without immediate treatment, dogs can go into shock and die.
Symptoms of GDV include restlessness, unproductive vomiting, tight abdomen, and rapid breathing. If you suspect bloat, rush your dog to an emergency vet for potential surgery. Preventive measures include feeding smaller meals throughout the day, avoiding exercise after eating, and prophylactic gastropexy surgery to tack the stomach in place.
Many Bernese Mountain Dogs also struggle with food sensitivities and allergies. Chronic diarrhea, gas, skin inflammation, and ear infections can all indicate a reaction to certain proteins or additives in their diet. Working with your veterinarian to identify triggers and select a hypoallergenic or limited-ingredient food is often the solution. Probiotics and omega fatty acids can also reduce inflammatory responses.
Promising Developments
While the list of potential health problems in Bernese Mountain Dogs may seem daunting, there is hope on the horizon. In recent years, researchers have made exciting strides in understanding the genetic basis of many concerning conditions in the breed.
For example, a 2022 study identified a novel gene mutation associated with PRA in European Berners. This discovery paves the way for a reliable DNA test to screen breeding dogs and avoid passing on the blinding disease. Similar breakthroughs in cancer, dysplasia, and blood disorder research are sure to follow.
Veterinary medicine has also evolved to better support dogs facing health challenges. Targeted immunotherapies are extending survival times for many canine cancers. Regenerative treatments like stem cell therapy are improving outcomes for orthopedic issues and slowing the progression of arthritis. Even something as simple as an annual senior wellness panel to check organ function, thyroid levels, and cell counts can catch developing disease before your dog shows symptoms.
Of course, even with the best preventive care and screenings, illness and aging are inevitable parts of dog ownership. Making treatment decisions for a beloved pet is never easy. That‘s why it‘s so important to establish a relationship with a veterinarian you trust, who understands your Berner‘s unique needs and can guide you through difficult choices. With a committed vet in your corner, you can feel confident you‘re doing right by your dog.
Conclusion
Bernese Mountain Dogs may be predisposed to certain health conditions, but that doesn‘t mean they can‘t live full, active, joyful lives. As a Berner owner, your job is to stack the deck in your dog‘s favor through responsible breeding, proactive care, and regular check-ups.
Feed a high quality diet, maintain a healthy weight, and provide plenty of low-impact exercise to support joint and heart health. Brush and bathe regularly to prevent skin issues and detect any lumps or bumps early. Keep up with dental care, parasite prevention, and vaccinations. And most importantly, never hesitate to contact your vet with concerns.
Remember, knowledge is power when it comes to canine health. By educating yourself on common Bernese Mountain Dog health problems, you‘re already giving your special friend a strong foundation. Combine that with a little luck and a lot of love, and you‘re well on your way to a long, beautiful friendship with your gentle giant.
Even if your Berner does get sick along the way, advances in veterinary medicine and attentive care can still provide an excellent quality of life. I‘ve seen countless dogs not just survive but thrive after a difficult diagnosis with the help of a dedicated owner. The bond you share is a powerful force.
So snuggle up with your Berner, breathe in that distinct mountain dog musk, and know that whatever health challenges may come, you‘ll face them together. That unconditional love and loyalty is what makes life with these majestic creatures such a gift. And as a vet, I know I‘ll never tire of seeing Berners live their very best lives by your side.
